Module 04: Formatted & Unformatted I/O Operations

int age;
char grade;

printf("Enter age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);  // User types "21" and presses ENTER (\n)

// FIX: Add a leading space before %c to discard any leftover newline/whitespace
printf("Enter grade: ");
scanf(" %c", &grade);

// Alternative robust buffer flush:
int c;
while ((c = getchar()) != '\\n' && c != EOF);

char name[32];
printf("Enter your full name: ");

// Safe: Reads up to sizeof(name)-1 chars, preventing buffer overflow
if (fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin) != NULL) {
    // Strip trailing newline if present
    name[strcspn(name, "\\n")] = '\\0';
    printf("Welcome, %s!\\n", name);
}

int num;
printf("Enter an integer: ");

while (scanf("%d", &num) != 1) {
    printf("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number: ");
    // Clear bad characters from stdin buffer
    int c;
    while ((c = getchar()) != '\\n' && c != EOF);
}

printf("Successfully read: %d\\n", num);